Challenges and Hopes for Peace in Syria's Set Zaynab

In the southern Damascus district of Set Zaynab, the atmosphere is a mix of cautious optimism and lingering fears, as locals navigate the aftermath of the Assad regime's collapse in December 2024. Mohammad Sallouta, a 47-year-old shop owner, reflects on the changes he has witnessed over the past two decades. While he asserts that security in the area has improved significantly—reporting a 90 percent safety level—he acknowledges that the community remains apprehensive. The bustling tourism that once characterized Set Zaynab, particularly among Shia pilgrims from Iraq, has diminished, with only a trickle of visitors from Gulf countries now making their way to the shrine of Sayyida Zaynab, revered as the granddaughter of Prophet Muhammad. The absence of Iraqi tourists, who previously flocked to the area, has left a noticeable void in the local economy, with many businesses struggling to survive. The locals express hope for a gradual return of visitors, contingent on the restoration of security and stability in the region.

The political landscape in Syria has undergone a seismic shift since the end of the Assad dynasty, which ruled for over five decades. The fall of the regime followed years of brutal conflict that began with a popular uprising in 2011, leading to widespread devastation and a breakdown of governance. While many celebrated the regime's downfall, areas like Set Zaynab face unique challenges. Previously shielded by Iranian forces and Hezbollah, the district now grapples with the fear of sectarian violence, especially given the Sunni-majority opposition groups that have risen to power. Recent incidents, including the assassination of Shia cleric Farhan Hassan al-Mansour, attributed to ISIL, have heightened concerns about security. Nonetheless, a visible presence of Syrian security forces at the shrine offers some reassurance to worshippers, who continue to visit despite the prevailing uncertainties.